Soil Science One Liner Questions for Agriculture Jobs ( PPSC, NTS, FPSC, PTS, OTS, Banks Jobs, Research Jobs, Agriculture/cotton Officer, soil scientist/chemist jobs etc)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The forest soils have lower bulk density than agricultural soils because of their content. | High organic matter |
| Which chemical is used to prevent evaporation from the surface of the water in water bodies? | Cetyle alcohol |
| Availability of Phosphorus is maximum at:……? | Neutral |
| The evolution of new species is known as……? | Speciation |
| Exposure of the manures to rains causes the highest loss of? | N |
| Types of erosion are: | Normal (geological) erosion & Accelerated erosion |
| There are twelve soil orders found in the world of which six soil orders have been recognized at various locations are? | Entisols, Inceptisols, Aridisols, Alfisols, Mollisols, Vertisols |
| The horizons O, A, E and B (other than r and C) are collectively called……? | Solum |
| Plants which grow on sandy soils:…? | Psammophytes |
| The maximum amount of water that soil can hold after free drainage has ceased is called as…? | Water holding capacity |
| swelling clay soils, develop cracks due to greater proportion of swelling type clays: | Vertisols |
| In Pakistan, Nitrophos is manufactured in…? | Multan |
| The soil texture refers to the relative proportion of sand,…… and clay: | Silt |
| Organic Soils are classified as … and are also known as … soils: | Histosols, peat & muck |
| World biodiversity day is celebrated on:…? | May-22 |
| Tunnel erosion is the form of:……? | Gully Erosion |
| The removal of excess water from the ground surface is called:? | Surface operations |
| Which element is known as the chemical policeman of a plant? | Potassium |
| Rhizoplane is? | Root surface |
| What civil engineers called soil? | Earth |
| The practice of managing rows of closely planted woody plants with annual crops planted in alleys in between hedges is called as:? | Hedgerows intercropping |
| The marble is a……? | Dynamo metamorphic |
| A most abundant organic compound in nature? | Cellulose |
| The capacity of soil to function on a sustained basis promoting plant and animal health: | Soil Quality |
| Aridisols cover the largest in Pakistan…? | 259,710 km |
| , considered a perfect soil, is a mixture of silt, clay and sand: | Loam |
| Soil conservation is performed by:…? | By plantation |
| The movement of water through a column of soil is called:? | Percolation |
| The credit for identifying the essentiality of nitrogen to plants goes to? | Theodore-saussure |
| The clay fraction of the soil contains particles less than 0.002 mm. Particles <0.001 mm size: | Soil colloids |
| Most common rocks, after exposed to weathering which cover about % 0f the earth: | Sedimentary rocks |
| Soil-forming minerals occurring in rocks do not contain any water, they undergo when exposed to humid conditions & break down as in the chemical weathering process: | Hydration |
| The process by which nutrients chemicals or contaminants are dissolved and carried away by water, or are moved into a lower layer of soil: | Leaching |
| The albedo of the earth is:……? | 30% |
| In alkaline soil which form of phosphorus uptake by plants? | Secondary orthophosphate |
| Combination of soil genesis and classification is collectively called…? | Pedology |
| “Wash-in” takes place on which horizon? | B |
| 1 meq of HCl is equal to…? | 14 mg of N |
| Which of the following soil has the highest water holding capacity…? | Forest soil |
| Which type of soil is found near the canal banks: | Alkaline |
| Previously Essential nutrients required for the growth of plants were sixteen. In recent times the essential nutrients required for the growth of plants are:…? | 18 |
| The deficient macronutrient in the sodic soils is:…? | Ca |
| Wind transported materials if it is silt dominated is……? | Loess |
| Specific heat is higher in: | Humus |
| The appropriate method to apply phosphatic fertilizers is……? | Basal placement |
| Deforestation may decrease the chances of……? | Rainfall |
| The most outstanding green manure crop is……? | Dhaincha |
| An intrazonal group of dark calcareous soils high in clay and having mainly montmorillonitic type clay are called as:? | Regur |
| The nutrient element silicon (Si) is:…? | Beneficial |
| The lands which are rich in soluble salts and exchangeable sodium: | Saline-Alkaline |
| The planned development, distribution and use of water resources: | Water management |
| The largest soil order in Pakistan? | Aridisols |
| Fe is trivalent in which of the chemical compound: | Fe (NO) |
| Water occupied the larger soil pores and moves down readily under the force of gravity. Water in excess of the field capacity is termed: | Gravitational water |
| A group of soils with the same parent material but located at different positions of the slope? | Catena |
| During decomposition of organic matter, initial decomposition is dominated by:……? | Bacteria |
| The configuration of a surface and the relations among its man-made and natural features is called:? | Topography |
| The process of deposition of soil materials in the lower layer is termed as:…? | Illuviation |
| Which one of the following clay minerals has the highest CEC? | Vermiculite |
| What is the effect of the application of P2O5 fertilizer to a green manure leguminous crop on the availability of phosphorus to the succeeding crop? | It does not affect the availability of phosphorous to succeeding crop |
| The immobilization and accumulation of the eluviated constituents at some depth beneath the soil surface:? | Illuviation |
| Element responsible pollen grain of plant……? | B |
| Being a soil scientist, do you know which is the popular book of soil science of Nyle.C.brady, 14th edition available in markets: | The nature and properties of soil |
| … erosion is the removal of a thin layer of soil by water acting over the whole surface. This type of erosion damaged very fertile lands located on slopes, some of which have been eroded to a depth of about 15 cm. | Sheet erosion |
| …… particles range in diameter between 0.02 to 0.002 mm: | Silt |
| Nitrogen & sulfur dioxide are liberated from motor vehicles & industries. Nitrogen & Sulphur gases dissolve in the water vapor of the atmosphere & form nitric & sulphuric acid. This rainwater falls on the soil as…… & contaminates soil also: | Acid rain |
| Which of the following crops is most tolerant to salty soils? | Cotton |
| The indicator used for estimation of the soil available boron is…? | Azomethine-H |
| Rhizosphere is: | An area of soil in the immediate vicinity around the root |
| A mineral horizon that is either too thin, too light in color, too low in the organic matter: | Ochric epipedon |
| The water diffusivity has the units of:……? | cm2/s |
| Soil order characterized by an excess of weathering with dominant iron and aluminum oxide clays, common in tropics is…? | Oxisols |
| Oxygen and Silicon together comprise approximately %of the earth’s crust? | 75 % |
| The dominance of acidity creates toxicity? | Al |
| Which of the following statement is wrong regarding, Soil …? | Dirt is a threat to all living life & crop production |
| Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are together as called……? | Nitrobacteria |
| …is probably the most important growth-limiting factor in acid soils especially those having pH below 5.0-5.5? | Aluminum |
| Which mulch reduces soil temperature? | Polythene |
| International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS), founded in? | 1924 |
| The most suitable species for reclamation of sandy soils is:…? | Azadirachta indica |
| The capacity of soil to function on a sustained basis promoting plant & animal health: | Soil quality |
| Soil pores created by animals such as earthworms and plant roots are called…? | Biopores |
| Any tillage and planting system that maintains at least 30% of the soil surface covered by residue after planting for the purpose of reducing soil erosion by water: | Conservation Tillage |
| Extrusive rocks are also called as in which the grain or crystalline structure is too fine to be seen by the unaided eye? | Aphantic Rock |
| Clay and humus particles are referred to as colloids and are less than 0.002mm. Due to their small size, colloids have a surface area which provides a surface for adsorption, catalysis, precipitation and microbial colonization: | Extremely high |
| Journal ‘Plant and Soil’ is published from……? | The Netherlands |
| Which one of the following techniques is used for assessing available P in soil and does not include growing plants: | E-Value |
| The rate of entry of water in the soil is……? | Infiltration |
| If a manure pile is exposed to the rain, what nutrient will be lost the most? | N |
| Accumulation of Al and Fe oxides and clays coming from the upper profile layers: | Zone of Illuviation |
| Potassium (K) fixation capacity is maximum in:…? | Vermiculite |
| Groundwater refers to the? | Aquifer location |
| The process of transformation of raw organic matter into humus: | Humification |
| The term rhizosphere was coined by:? | Hiltner |
| Which of the following fertilizers show maximum residual acidity with the continuous soil application: | Ammonium sulfate |
| What is Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)? | Fungi |
| Who will decompose organic matter first: | Fungi imperfecti |
| Field Capacity is a point at which? | All the macropores filled with air & the micropores filled with water |
| Shallow channels that can be readily corrected by routine tillage operations is called: | Ephemeral gullies |
| The very high temperatures required for ICP-AES are attained by……? | Plasma |
| A set of soils with the same parent material, topography, climate and biota but different ages is called…? | Chrono sequence |
| The tree sends down roots from its branches to the soil is known as:…? | Banyan |
| Loss of nitrogen in the form of NH3 in an alkaline medium is known as…? | Volatilization |
| Inland capability classification, class I-Iv is suitable for:…? | Suitable for cultivated farming |
| Soil particles as individuals such as sand and do not form aggregates. These are usually found in parent material or C horizon is:…? | Single-grained |
| Which of the following is wrong? | Sandy soils have a higher sand percentage with more water holding capacity |
| “Soil” word derives from which language? | Latin |
| In acidic soil which forms of phosphorus uptake by plants? | Primary orthophosphate |
| The basic form of present-day Universal soil loss equation (USLE), initially involved the use of factors such as? | R, K, S, L, C and P |
| Which of the following nutrient play the most effective role in controlling the rate of transpiration: | Potassium |
| Soil order Vertisol is related to:…? | Black soils |
| Silica tetrahedron is……? | Four-sided arrangement |
| Chemicals, used for controlling the disease of crops, fruits & vegetables is & chemical prepared for controlling insect-pests —-: | Fungicides—Insecticides |
| …refers to the increase in density of soil as a result of applied load or pressure? | Compaction |
| Any material such as straw, sawdust, leaves, plastic films, & loose soil that is spread upon the surface of the soil to protect the soil & plant roots from the effects of raindrops, soil crusting, freezing or evaporation: | Mulch |
| The unique soil environment under the influence of plants roots is called rhizosphere and this term was given by……? | Hiltner |
| Accumulation of soluble salts in soil? | Salinization |
| Inceptisols:? | Young soils with few horizons |
| Water is the major constituent of all living creatures. Biomass of plants is composed of % water: | 85 – 95% |
| Micas have isomorphous substitution:…? | Predominantly in the octahedral layer |
| In cotton, zn deficiency is known as…? | Little leaf |
| Availability of Zn is higher to crops in:…? | Acid soils |
| Which is the correct sequence of soil erosion by water: | Sheet-Rill-Gully |
| consist of particles that are produced by disintegration of pre-existing rocks through the process of weathering: | Clastics |
| Organisms satisfying their carbon requirement as Co2 from atmosphere and energy requirement from oxidation of simple inorganic compound are called as…? | Chemoautotroph |
| What is a soil horizon? | Layers of soil |
| Which of the following is a component of nucleic acid and protein: | N |
| One of the following is not a form of water erosion: | Saltation |
| …… systems play a crucial role in increasing soil organic C storage and reducing net emissions of greenhouse gases in addition to soil erosion control: | Agroforestry |
| New soils, no or little profile development: | Entisols |
| The instrument used for measuring the photosynthetically active radiations (PAR) is:? | Quantum sensor |
| Roots usually occupy:……? | 1% or less of soil volume |
| The resistance of soil at various moisture contents to mechanical stresses or manipulations: | Soil consistency |
| According to one estimate, wind and water erosion over % of Pakistan’s total area? | 76% |
| What happens when saline-alkaline soil is reached with water: | pH increase & Ec decrease |
| If the chlorophyll content in plant increases, the solar radiation transmitted: | Decreases |
| Surface removal of ice or snow from a glacier or snowfield by melting, sublimation, and/ or calving: | Ablation |
| The virus infecting bacteria is called:…? | Bacteriophage |
| Association of two microorganisms in which one is benefited while the other remains unaffected is known as:? | Commensalism |
| Which type of structure is dominant in grasslands: | Spheroidal or Sphere-like |
| Phosphorus (P) is the second major nutrient essential for plant growth. With the exception of Nitrogen (N) and Potassium (K), Phosphorus is required by plants in…? | Greater quantities |
| The flow of nitrogen in soil due to:…? | Mass flow |
| Which of the following crop takes N in the ammonical form: | Rice |
| What is the formula of urea? | CO (NH) |
| Igneous rocks are called:……? | Primary rocks |
| The unit of a scale used to measure the level of acidity or alkalinity of chemicals is called: | pH |
| The study of the relationship between soil properties & plant production is known as:…? | Soil Science |
| What are diatoms? | Soil Algae |
| The indicator used for the estimation of the organic matter or organic carbon is;…? | Diphenylamine indicator |
| The internal & external surfaces of soil colloids are positively and or negatively charged. Mostly … is dominant: | Negative |
| Father of soil conservation and Father of Pedology respectively? | Bennett & Dokuchaev |
| Depending on the percentage of sand, silt, clay, soils are divided into … textural classes: | 12 |
| Available water is held between? | Field capacity to wilting point |
| AAS stands for:? | Atomic absorption spectrophotometer |
| Sometimes, AB/EB/BA/BE horizons in the soil profile are present which are called……? | Transition horizons |
| Principles of soil conservation do not include: | Leave barren lands uncultivable to support desertification degradation |
| The highest Cation Exchange Capacity is in:…? | Clay soil |
| Soil Organic Matter (SOM) which consists of about … % organic carbon plays a vital role by providing macro & micronutrients: | 58% |
| The lower leaves turn yellow and in some crops, they quickly start drying up as if suffering from a shortage of water, stunted growth, leaves & fruits shedding & whole plant becomes yellow, are deficiency symptoms of:…? | Nitrogen |
| Which is the main cause of desertification? | Overgrazing |
| Small rivulets or finger-like channels formed on the surface of the earth by the action of water, these channels are of small depth & can be leveled by tillage operations is: | None of these |
| Who considers the various properties of soil in relation to plant production? | Edaphologists |
| The soils in which the weathered material is taken away to another place by several agents are called……? | Transported soil |
| The availability of essential nutrients from the soil to the plants is controlled by the properties of soil: | chemical |
| The suitable species for reclamation of saline & sodic soil is:……? | Casuarina equisetifolia |
| International Union of Forest Research Organization (IUFRO) is located: | Austria |
| In Pakistan, there is a general deficiency of rainfall. It varies from 125 mm annually in upper Sindh to about 900 mm in the sub-mountainous of northern Pakistan. In Balochistan the mean annual rainfall is about 200 mm, diminishing to mm in the desert of Kharan: | <50 mm |
| Browning disease of rice is a…? | Physiological disease |
| … of alluvium (stratified sediment) by earth-worms is the most important soil-forming process in the alluvial plain of Pakistan: | Homogenization |
| Losses of soil water not included…? | Hydroponics loss |
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