What is Ecotourism? An Overview | Famous Tourism Places

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small-scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism. Its purpose may be to educate the traveller, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, or all of these.

There are many different definitions of ecotourism, but all of them emphasize sustainable development in natural areas, benefiting local communities and promoting conservation. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is often called “nature tourism” as well. Responsible ecotourism programs include those that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of any definition of ecotourism must consider the motivations of the tourists themselves.

Ecotourism is a growing industry around the world, with tour operators, hospitality providers, and conservation organizations increasingly marketing their services to environmentally and culturally conscious travellers. Many countries now have regulations and certifications in place to ensure that ecotourism businesses are operating in an environmentally responsible manner.

The definition of ecotourism continues to evolve as the industry grows, but the key components remain the same: sustainable development, community benefit, and environmental protection. If you’re looking for a more authentic and sustainable travel experience, ecotourism may be right for you.

Brief History of Ecotourism in the World

Ecotourism has its roots in the conservation movement, which began in the late 19th century. Early conservationists were concerned with the impact of humans on natural resources and sought to protect and preserve wilderness areas for future generations. In the early 20th century, leaders like Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir helped to establish national parks in the United States as a way to protect these fragile ecosystems.

As international travel became more accessible in the mid-20th century, people began to visit these protected areas for recreation and tourism. However, this “mass tourism” often had negative impacts on the environment, including pollution, congestion, and resource depletion. Ecotourism emerged as a way to address these problems by promoting sustainable tourism practices.

The first eco-tourism trip took place in 1984 when a group of tourists travelled to Costa Rica to visit a rainforest. The term “ecotourism” was first coined by Claus-Dieter Nick Hetzer. Ecotourism began to be studied systematically in the 1980s, and there are now several academic journals devoted exclusively to the subject. The Ecotourism Society was founded in 1990 and is the largest professional membership organization for ecotourism practitioners around the world.

Principles of Ecotourism

The principles of ecotourism are based on the three pillars of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic.

Environmental pillar: Ecotourism should minimize the negative impact of tourism on the environment. This includes reducing pollution, protecting natural habitats, and supporting sustainable tourism practices.
Social pillar: Ecotourism should benefit local communities by creating jobs and providing training and education opportunities. It should also help to preserve traditional cultures and values.
Economic pillar: Ecotourism should be economically sustainable, generating revenue for local communities and businesses while also preserving the natural resources that attract tourists in the first place.

Examples of ecotourism

There are many different types of ecotourism, but some of the most common include:

Wildlife viewing: Observing animals in their natural habitats, such as in a national park or wildlife sanctuary.
Hiking and camping: Visiting scenic areas and hiking or camping in parks and nature preserves.
Birding: Viewing birds in their natural environment, often in rural areas away from cities.
Kayaking and canoeing: Exploring rivers, lakes, and coastal areas by boat.
Cycling: Traveling by bicycle on paved roads and trails through scenic areas.

Types of Ecotourism

Ecotourism can be classified into different types, depending on the focus of the activity.

Nature-based Ecotourism
Cultural Ecotourism
Adventure Ecotourism
Volunteer Ecotourism
Sustainable Ecotourism

Nature-based Ecotourism: This type of ecotourism is focused on outdoor activities in natural settings, such as hiking, camping, bird watching, and wildlife viewing.

Cultural Ecotourism: This type of ecotourism focuses on learning about local cultures and traditions. It can include activities such as visiting ancient ruins, attending cultural festivals, and taking part in traditional ceremonies.

Adventure Ecotourism: This type of ecotourism focuses on adrenaline-pumping activities in natural settings, such as whitewater rafting, rock climbing, and mountain biking.

Volunteer Ecotourism: This type of ecotourism involves travelling to a destination to volunteer for environmental or community projects.

Sustainable Ecotourism: This term is used to describe tourism that is environmentally and socially responsible. It includes practices such as using renewable energy, reducing waste, and supporting local businesses.

Famous Ecotourism destinations in World

Ecotourism is a growing industry, and there are now ecotourism destinations in many different countries around the world. Here are some of the most popular ecotourism destinations:

Australia: The Great Barrier Reef, Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
Pakistan: Naltar valley, Shangrila resort, Ranikot Fort, Gorak Hill, Karakoram Highway, Deosai National Park, Rama Lake, Fairy Meadows, Nanga Parbat, Rakaposhi, etc
Brazil: Amazon rainforest, Pantanal wetland
Canada: Niagara Falls, Banff National Park
Chile: Torres del Paine National Park, Easter Island
Costa Rica: Tortuguero National Park, Corcovado National Park
Ecuador: Galapagos Islands, Amazon rainforest
Kenya: Maasai Mara National Reserve, Amboseli National Park
Mexico: Palenque ruins, Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve
Peru: Machu Picchu, Manu National Park
South Africa: Kruger National Park, Table Mountain National Park
United States: Yellowstone National Park, Grand Canyon National Park
Nepal: Mount Everest, Annapurna Circuit Trek
Bhutan: The Dragon Kingdom, Paro Taktshang Monastery
Zimbabwe: Victoria Falls, Mana Pools National Park

Benefits of Ecotourism

There are several advantages of ecotourism over traditional tourism.

Ecotourism is sustainable: Ecotourism is based on the principle of sustainable development, which means that it does not have a negative impact on the environment or local communities.
Supports conservation: Ecotourism helps to protect natural habitats and supports conservation initiatives.
Benefits local communities: Ecotourism provides jobs and training opportunities for local people and helps to preserve traditional cultures and values.
Affordable: Ecotourism is often more affordable than traditional tourism because it does not involve as many expensive amenities or services.
Ecotourism is educational: Ecotourism provides a unique opportunity to learn about the environment and the cultures of different countries.
Fun: Ecotourism can be just as enjoyable as traditional tourism, but it often offers a more authentic and sustainable travel experience.
Ecotourism can create jobs and training opportunities.
Preserve traditional cultures and values.
Generate revenue for local businesses and communities.
Raise awareness about environmental issues.

Ecotourism in Pakistan

Pakistan is a beautiful country with a rich culture and history. It is home to many amazing natural landmarks and wildlife habitats that attract tourists from all over the world. Pakistan is also a great destination for ecotourism. There are many parks and nature reserves where tourists can enjoy hiking, camping, birding, and other outdoor activities. The Naltar valley in the Gilgit-Baltistan region is a particularly popular ecotourism destination. Shangrila resort is another famous Pakistani ecotourism destination. It is located in the Hunza valley and is known for its stunning views of the mountains.

Pakistani ecotourism destinations are not as well-known as some other countries, but they offer a unique travel experience that is worth exploring. If you are interested in tourism, Pakistan is definitely a destination to consider.

42 Famous tourism/ Eco tourism destinations in Pakistan

Naltar valley
Shangrila resort
Ranikot Fort
Kirthar National Park
Chitral Gol national park
Deosai national park
Hanna lake
Hingol national park
Kalash valley
Kaghan valley
Khunjerab national park
Lalazar plateau
Margalla hills national park
Namal lake
Pir Lasura national park
Rama meadows
Saiful Muluk lake
Shandur plateau
Sihala Forest Rest House
Sindhudurg fort
Swat valley
Tanda Dam
Tharparkar desert
Ushu forest
Ziarat juniper and redwood forest
Astore, Chilas, Diamer, Ghizer, Gilgit and Hunza district
Ishkoman valley
Jeep safari in Lahore
Kallar Kahar lake
Katlang village
Kohistan region
Kundal Pari Lake
Lulusar Lake
Malam Jabba
Nanga Parbat
Neelum valley
Naran
Pir Sohawa
Rawalakot
Saidu Sharif Swat
Shogran
Siri Paye Meadows

Conclusion

In conclusion, ecotourism has many advantages over traditional tourism, but it also has some disadvantages that should be considered before embarking on an ecotour. By following the principles of sustainable development, however, ecotours can minimize these negative impacts and provide a more authentic and sustainable travel experience. Pakistani ecotourism offers a unique opportunity to experience the country’s natural beauty and culture.

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